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SAS Textbook Examples
Applied Linear Statistical Models by Neter, Kutner, et. al.
Chapter 13: Introduction to Nonlinear Regression

options nodate nocenter;
Inputting the Severely Injured Patients data, table 13.1, p. 536.
data ch13tab01;
  input y x;
  label x = 'Days'
        y = 'Prognosis';
cards;
  54   2
  50   5
  45   7
  37  10
  35  14
  25  19
  20  26
  16  31
  18  34
  13  38
   8  45
  11  52
   8  53
   4  60
   6  65
;;;
run;
Fig. 13.2, p. 537.
data ch13tab01;
  set ch13tab01;
  yhat = 58.6065*exp(-0.03959*x);
run; 
 
symbol1 v = dot c=blue;
symbol2 i=join c=black v=none;
axis1 label = ( angle = 90 h=1)  ;
proc gplot data = ch13tab01;
  plot y*x yhat*x/overlay vaxis=axis1;
run;
quit;
goptions reset=all;
Getting the starting parameter values from the linear regression, p. 543.
data ch13tab01;
  set ch13tab01;
  yprime = log(y);
run;
proc reg data = ch13tab01;
  model yprime = x;
run;
quit;
The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: yprime

                             Analysis of Variance

                                    Sum of           Mean
Source                   DF        Squares         Square    F Value    Pr > F

Model                     1        8.89295        8.89295     276.38    <.0001
Error                    13        0.41830        0.03218
Corrected Total          14        9.31125

Root MSE              0.17938    R-Square     0.9551
Dependent Mean        2.87009    Adj R-Sq     0.9516
Coeff Var             6.24994

                               Parameter Estimates

                                  Parameter       Standard
Variable     Label        DF       Estimate          Error    t Value    Pr > |t|

Intercept    Intercept     1        4.03716        0.08410      48.00      <.0001
x            Days          1       -0.03797        0.00228     -16.62      <.0001
Table 13.3, p. 545. Using the Gauss-Newton method to get the nonlinear regression estimates.
proc nlin data = ch13tab01 method = newton;
  parms g0=56.6646 g1=-0.03797;
  model y = g0*exp(g1*x);
  output out=temp r=residual p=fitted;
run;
The NLIN Procedure
Iterative Phase
Dependent Variable y
Method: Newton

                                   Sum of
 Iter          g0          g1     Squares

    0     56.6646     -0.0380     56.0867
    1     58.5566     -0.0395     49.4641
    2     58.6065     -0.0396     49.4593
    3     58.6066     -0.0396     49.4593

NOTE: Convergence criterion met.

       Estimation Summary

Method                    Newton
Iterations                     3
R                       3.56E-11
PPC                     5.37E-12
RPC(g1)                 2.016E-6
Object                  1.62E-10
Objective                49.4593
Observations Read             15
Observations Used             15
Observations Missing           0

NOTE: An intercept was not specified for this model.

                                  Sum of        Mean               Approx
Source                    DF     Squares      Square    F Value    Pr > F

Regression                 2     12060.5      6030.3    1585.01    <.0001
Residual                  13     49.4593      3.8046
Uncorrected Total         15     12110.0

Corrected Total           14      3943.3

                              Approx
Parameter      Estimate    Std Error    Approximate 95% Confidence Limits

g0              58.6066       1.4845     55.3995     61.8136
g1              -0.0396      0.00174     -0.0433     -0.0358

The NLIN Procedure

  Approximate Correlation Matrix
                g0              g1

g0       1.0000000      -0.7129787
g1      -0.7129787       1.0000000
Fig. 13.3a, p. 549.
 
symbol1 v=dot c=blue;
axis1 label=(angle=90 h=1);
proc gplot data = temp;
  plot residual*fitted /vref = 0 vaxis = axis1;
run;
quit;
goptions reset=all;
Fig. 13.3b, p. 549.
 
symbol1 v=dot c=blue; 
proc capability data=temp noprint;
  qqplot residual / vref = 0;
run;
goptions reset=all;
Inputting the Learning curve data, table 13.4, p. 556.
data ch13tab04;
  input x1 x2 y;
  label x1 = 'Location'
        x2 = 'Week'
	y = 'Efficiency';
cards;
  1   1   .483
  1   2   .539
  1   3   .618
  1   5   .707
  1   7   .762
  1  10   .815
  1  15   .881
  1  20   .919
  1  30   .964
  1  40   .959
  1  50   .968
  1  60   .971
  1  70   .960
  1  80   .967
  1  90   .975
  0   1   .517
  0   2   .598
  0   3   .635
  0   5   .750
  0   7   .811
  0  10   .848
  0  15   .943
  0  20   .971
  0  30  1.012
  0  40  1.015
  0  50  1.007
  0  60  1.022
  0  70  1.028
  0  80  1.017
  0  90  1.023
;;;
run;
Fig. 13.5, p. 556.
data ch13tab04;
  set ch13tab04;
  if x1 = 0 then do;
  y1 = y;
  z21 = x2;
  p1 = 1.0156 - 0.5524*exp(-0.1348*z21);
  end;
  if x1 = 1 then do;
  y2 = y;
  z22 = x2;
  p2 = 0.9683 - 0.5524*exp(-0.1348*z22);
  end;
run;
  
symbol1 c=red v=circle;
symbol2 c=blue v=dot;
symbol3 i=join v=none c=red;
symbol4 i=join v=none c=blue;
axis1 label = (angle = 90 'Relative Efficiency');
axis2 label = ( 'Time (Week)');
 
legend1 label=none value=(height=1 font=swiss 'Locale A' 'Locale B' 'Fitted Reg Line'
                          'Fitted Reg Line') 
        position=(bottom right inside) mode=share cborder=black;
 
proc gplot data = ch13tab04;
  plot y1*z21 y2*z22 p1*z21 p2*z22 / overlay vaxis= axis1 haxis=axis2 legend=legend1;
run;
quit;
goptions reset=all;
Table 13.5, p. 557 and the confidence interval for gamma1, p. 558.
Note: In the formula the gamma2 and gamma3 are switched compared to the results in table 13.5.
proc nlin data = ch13tab04 method = newton;
  parms g0=1.025 g1=-0.0459 g2=-0.5 g3=-0.122 ;
  model y = g0 + g1*x1 + g2*exp(g3*x2);
run;
The NLIN Procedure
Iterative Phase
Dependent Variable y
Method: Newton
                                                           Sum of
 Iter          g0          g1          g2          g3     Squares

    0      1.0250     -0.0459     -0.5000     -0.1220      0.0160
    1      1.0158     -0.0473     -0.5466     -0.1325     0.00336
    2      1.0156     -0.0473     -0.5524     -0.1347     0.00329
    3      1.0156     -0.0473     -0.5524     -0.1348     0.00329

NOTE: Convergence criterion met.

       Estimation Summary

Method                    Newton
Iterations                     3
R                       1.003E-6
PPC(g3)                 1.671E-7
RPC(g3)                 0.000356
Object                  5.005E-6
Objective               0.003293
Observations Read             30
Observations Used             30
Observations Missing           0

                                  Sum of        Mean               Approx
Source                    DF     Squares      Square    F Value    Pr > F

Regression                 4     22.8541      5.7135    2272.64    <.0001
Residual                  26     0.00329    0.000127
Uncorrected Total         30     22.8574

Corrected Total           29      0.8667

                              Approx
Parameter      Estimate    Std Error    Approximate 95% Confidence Limits

g0               1.0156      0.00369      1.0080      1.0232
g1              -0.0473      0.00411     -0.0557     -0.0388
g2              -0.5524      0.00825     -0.5694     -0.5355
g3              -0.1348      0.00452     -0.1441     -0.1255

The NLIN Procedure

                  Approximate Correlation Matrix
                g0              g1              g2              g3

g0       1.0000000      -0.5560826      -0.1247886       0.4236608
g1      -0.5560826       1.0000000       0.0000000       0.0000000
g2      -0.1247886       0.0000000       1.0000000       0.5741495
g3       0.4236608       0.0000000       0.5741495       1.0000000
For more in-depth information and examples of nonlinear regression in SAS please visit our web page: Nonlinear regression in SAS in the Library section of our SAS webpage.

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