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Mplus Textbook Examples
Applied Latent Class Analysis
Chapter 1 Latent Class Analysis by Leo A. Goodman


Table 2 on page 11 using data set page11.dat.

Model H0:

  Data:
    File is c:\alca\page11.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       s m freq;
    usevariables are s m freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are s m;
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
    classes = cl(1);
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture;
  model:
     %overall%
TESTS OF MODEL FIT
Loglikelihood
          H0 Value                       -5190.578
Information Criteria
          Number of Free Parameters              8
          Akaike (AIC)                   10397.157
          Bayesian (BIC)                 10440.473
          Sample-Size Adjusted BIC       10415.059
            (n* = (n + 2) / 24)
Chi-Square Test of Model Fit for the Binary and Ordered Categorical
(Ordinal) Outcomes
          Pearson Chi-Square
          Value                             45.985
          Degrees of Freedom                    15
          P-Value                           0.0001
          Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square
          Value                             47.418
          Degrees of Freedom                    15
          P-Value                           0.0000

Model H1: We have to specify two of the parameters in order for the model to be identifiable. It does not matter which of the two parameters to be fixed. Please see the discussion for detail on page 32.

Data:
  File is c:\alca\page11.dat;
Variable:
  Names are 
     s m freq;
  usevariables are s m freq;
  weight is freq (freq);
  categorical are s m;
  Missing are all (-9999) ; 
  classes = cl(2);
Analysis: 
  Type = mixture;
model:
   %overall%
   [s$1-s$5*];
   [m$2 m$3*];
   [m$1@-15];
   %cl#1%
   [s$1-s$5*];
   [m$1-m$2*];
   [m$3@15];
TESTS OF MODEL FIT

Loglikelihood

          H0 Value                       -5168.243

Information Criteria

          Number of Free Parameters             15
          Akaike (AIC)                   10366.485
          Bayesian (BIC)                 10447.704
          Sample-Size Adjusted BIC       10400.051
            (n* = (n + 2) / 24)
          Entropy                            0.450

Chi-Square Test of Model Fit for the Binary and Ordered Categorical
(Ordinal) Outcomes

          Pearson Chi-Square

          Value                              2.743
          Degrees of Freedom                     8
          P-Value                           0.9494

          Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square

          Value                              2.746
          Degrees of Freedom                     8
          P-Value                           0.9493 

Table 3 on page 13, the observed and estimated frequencies under H0 and H1 model. To display the frequencies, we request TECH10 in the output.

  Data:
    File is c:\alca\page11.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       s m freq;
    usevariables are s m freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are s m;
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
    classes = cl(1);
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture;
  model:
     %overall%
  output tech10;
     RESPONSE PATTERN FREQUENCIES AND CHI-SQUARE CONTRIBUTIONS

    Response          Frequency      Standard  Chi-square Contribution
     Pattern    Observed  Estimated  Residual  Pearson   Loglikelihood  Deleted
         1        64.00      48.45      2.27      4.99        35.62
         2        57.00      45.31      1.76      3.02        26.17
         3        57.00      53.08      0.55      0.29         8.13
         4        72.00      71.02      0.12      0.01         1.98
         5        36.00      49.01      1.89      3.45       -22.21
         6        21.00      40.13      3.06      9.12       -27.20
         7        94.00      95.01      0.11      0.01        -2.02
         8        94.00      88.85      0.56      0.30        10.59
         9       105.00     104.08      0.09      0.01         1.85
        10       141.00     139.26      0.15      0.02         3.51
        11        97.00      96.10      0.09      0.01         1.80
        12        71.00      78.70      0.89      0.75       -14.61
        13        58.00      57.13      0.12      0.01         1.74
        14        54.00      53.43      0.08      0.01         1.15
        15        65.00      62.59      0.31      0.09         4.92
        16        77.00      83.74      0.76      0.54       -12.92
        17        54.00      57.79      0.51      0.25        -7.32
        18        54.00      47.32      0.98      0.94        14.26
        19        46.00      61.40      2.00      3.86       -26.56
        20        40.00      57.41      2.34      5.28       -28.91
        21        60.00      67.25      0.90      0.78       -13.70
        22        94.00      89.99      0.44      0.18         8.21
        23        78.00      62.10      2.06      4.07        35.56
        24        71.00      50.85      2.87      7.98        47.40
Data:
  File is c:\alca\page11.dat;
Variable:
  Names are 
     s m freq;
  usevariables are s m freq;
  weight is freq (freq);
  categorical are s m;
  Missing are all (-9999) ; 
  classes = cl(2);
Analysis: 
  Type = mixture;
model:
   %overall%
   [s$1-s$5*];
   [m$2 m$3*];
   [m$1@-15];
   %cl#1%
   [s$1-s$5*];
   [m$1-m$2*];
   [m$3@15];
output: tech10;
     RESPONSE PATTERN FREQUENCIES AND CHI-SQUARE CONTRIBUTIONS

    Response          Frequency      Standard  Chi-square Contribution
     Pattern    Observed  Estimated  Residual  Pearson   Loglikelihood  Deleted
         1        64.00      62.22      0.23      0.05         3.61
         2        57.00      59.21      0.29      0.08        -4.33
         3        57.00      58.21      0.16      0.03        -2.40
         4        72.00      70.03      0.24      0.06         4.00
         5        36.00      36.08      0.01      0.00        -0.15
         6        21.00      21.26      0.06      0.00        -0.52
         7        94.00      98.18      0.43      0.18        -8.17
         8        94.00      92.04      0.21      0.04         3.96
         9       105.00     105.26      0.03      0.00        -0.52
        10       141.00     139.03      0.17      0.03         3.97
        11        97.00      93.13      0.41      0.16         7.89
        12        71.00      74.36      0.40      0.15        -6.57
        13        58.00      56.26      0.24      0.05         3.53
        14        54.00      52.55      0.20      0.04         2.95
        15        65.00      62.26      0.35      0.12         5.60
        16        77.00      83.80      0.76      0.55       -13.04
        17        54.00      58.61      0.61      0.36        -8.85
        18        54.00      48.52      0.80      0.62        11.56
        19        46.00      45.34      0.10      0.01         1.32
        20        40.00      41.21      0.19      0.04        -2.38
        21        60.00      61.27      0.17      0.03        -2.51
        22        94.00      91.14      0.31      0.09         5.81
        23        78.00      77.18      0.10      0.01         1.65
        24        71.00      72.86      0.22      0.05        -3.67

Table 5a on page 15 using data page14.dat from table 4 on page 14.

Model M0: Null model

  Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(1);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%
TESTS OF MODEL FIT

Loglikelihood

          H0 Value                        -543.650

Information Criteria

          Number of Free Parameters              4
          Akaike (AIC)                    1095.300
          Bayesian (BIC)                  1108.801
          Sample-Size Adjusted BIC        1096.125
            (n* = (n + 2) / 24)

Chi-Square Test of Model Fit for the Binary and Ordered Categorical
(Ordinal) Outcomes

          Pearson Chi-Square

          Value                            104.107
          Degrees of Freedom                    11
          P-Value                           0.0000

          Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square

          Value                             81.084
          Degrees of Freedom                    11
          P-Value                           0.0000

Model M1: Two-class model

Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(2);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%

     %cl#1%
     [a$1-d$1];
TESTS OF MODEL FIT

Loglikelihood

          H0 Value                        -504.468

Information Criteria

          Number of Free Parameters              9
          Akaike (AIC)                    1026.935
          Bayesian (BIC)                  1057.313
          Sample-Size Adjusted BIC        1028.793
            (n* = (n + 2) / 24)
          Entropy                            0.719

Chi-Square Test of Model Fit for the Binary and Ordered Categorical
(Ordinal) Outcomes

          Pearson Chi-Square

          Value                              2.720
          Degrees of Freedom                     6
          P-Value                           0.8431

          Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square

          Value                              2.720
          Degrees of Freedom                     6
          P-Value                           0.8431

Model M3: Three-class model. Notice that this model is not identifiable until we provide at least one constraint on it. In this example, we set the threshold for variable c to be 15 for class 2.

 Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(3);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
   ! starts = 50 2;
  model:
     %overall%
     %cl#2%
     [c$1@15];
TESTS OF MODEL FIT

Loglikelihood

          H0 Value                        -503.301

Information Criteria

          Number of Free Parameters             13
          Akaike (AIC)                    1032.602
          Bayesian (BIC)                  1076.481
          Sample-Size Adjusted BIC        1035.286
            (n* = (n + 2) / 24)
          Entropy                            0.560

Chi-Square Test of Model Fit for the Binary and Ordered Categorical
(Ordinal) Outcomes

          Pearson Chi-Square

          Value                              0.423
          Degrees of Freedom                     2
          P-Value                           0.8096

          Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square

          Value                              0.387
          Degrees of Freedom                     2
          P-Value                           0.8241

Table 5b on page 16, a continuation of Table 5a.

Model M3: Three-class model with constraints defined on page 41.

Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(3);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%
     %cl#1%
     [a$1 - d$1@-15];
     %cl#3%
     [a$1 - d$1@15];
TESTS OF MODEL FIT

Loglikelihood

          H0 Value                        -504.248

Information Criteria

          Number of Free Parameters              6
          Akaike (AIC)                    1020.497
          Bayesian (BIC)                  1040.748
          Sample-Size Adjusted BIC        1021.735
            (n* = (n + 2) / 24)
          Entropy                            0.884

Chi-Square Test of Model Fit for the Binary and Ordered Categorical
(Ordinal) Outcomes

          Pearson Chi-Square

          Value                              2.282
          Degrees of Freedom                     9
          P-Value                           0.9862

          Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square

          Value                              2.281
          Degrees of Freedom                     9
          P-Value                           0.9862

Model M4: Three-class model with constraints defined on page 41 and page 42.

Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(3);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%
     %cl#1%
     [a$1 - d$1@-15];
     %cl#2%
     [b$1 c$1] (1);
     %cl#3%
     [a$1 - d$1@15];
TESTS OF MODEL FIT

Loglikelihood

          H0 Value                        -504.303

Information Criteria

          Number of Free Parameters              5
          Akaike (AIC)                    1018.607
          Bayesian (BIC)                  1035.483
          Sample-Size Adjusted BIC        1019.639
            (n* = (n + 2) / 24)
          Entropy                            0.884

Chi-Square Test of Model Fit for the Binary and Ordered Categorical
(Ordinal) Outcomes

          Pearson Chi-Square

          Value                              2.421
          Degrees of Freedom                    10
          P-Value                           0.9920

          Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square

          Value                              2.391
          Degrees of Freedom                    10
          P-Value                           0.9924

Model M5: Three-class model with constraints defined on page 42.

 Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(3);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%
     %cl#1%
     [a$1 - d$1@-15];
     %cl#2%
     [a$1] (p1);
     [b$1 c$1] (2);
     [d$1] (p2);
     %cl#3%
     [a$1 - d$1@15];

  model constraint:
      p1 = -p2;
TESTS OF MODEL FIT

Loglikelihood

          H0 Value                        -504.469

Information Criteria

          Number of Free Parameters              4
          Akaike (AIC)                    1016.937
          Bayesian (BIC)                  1030.438
          Sample-Size Adjusted BIC        1017.763
            (n* = (n + 2) / 24)
          Entropy                            0.880

Chi-Square Test of Model Fit for the Binary and Ordered Categorical
(Ordinal) Outcomes

          Pearson Chi-Square

          Value                              2.846
          Degrees of Freedom                    11
          P-Value                           0.9926

          Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square

          Value                              2.722
          Degrees of Freedom                    11
          P-Value                           0.9939

Table 6 on page 18 based on model M1.

  Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(2);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%

     %cl#1%
     [a$1-d$1];
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASSES
BASED ON THE ESTIMATED MODEL

    Latent
   Classes

       1        155.68279          0.72075
       2         60.31721          0.27925
RESULTS IN PROBABILITY SCALE

Latent Class 1

 A
    Category 1         0.714    0.042     17.045
    Category 2         0.286    0.042      6.841
 B
    Category 1         0.330    0.051      6.461
    Category 2         0.670    0.051     13.140
 C
    Category 1         0.354    0.049      7.220
    Category 2         0.646    0.049     13.175
 D
    Category 1         0.132    0.039      3.406
    Category 2         0.868    0.039     22.325

Latent Class 2

 A
    Category 1         0.993    0.025     39.267
    Category 2         0.007    0.025      0.269
 B
    Category 1         0.940    0.067     13.985
    Category 2         0.060    0.067      0.896
 C
    Category 1         0.927    0.068     13.716
    Category 2         0.073    0.068      1.088
 D
    Category 1         0.769    0.098      7.833
    Category 2         0.231    0.098      2.351

Table 7 based on model M3.

Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(3);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%
     %cl#1%
     [a$1 - d$1@-15];
     %cl#3%
     [a$1 - d$1@15];
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASS PATTERNS
BASED ON ESTIMATED POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES

    Latent
   Classes

       1         10.77942          0.04990
       2        167.49620          0.77545
       3         37.72438          0.17465
RESULTS IN PROBABILITY SCALE

Latent Class 1

 A
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000
 B
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000
 C
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000
 D
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000

Latent Class 2

 A
    Category 1         0.796    0.037     21.616
    Category 2         0.204    0.037      5.550
 B
    Category 1         0.420    0.041     10.178
    Category 2         0.580    0.041     14.081
 C
    Category 1         0.437    0.041     10.712
    Category 2         0.563    0.041     13.774
 D
    Category 1         0.175    0.032      5.431
    Category 2         0.825    0.032     25.641

Latent Class 3

 A
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000
 B
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000
 C
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000
 D
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000

Table 8 on page 21 based on model M5.

  Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(3);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
       %overall%
       %cl#1%
       [a$1 - d$1@-15];
       %cl#2%
       [a$1] (p1);
       [b$1 c$1] (2);
       [d$1] (p2);
       %cl#3%
       [a$1 - d$1@15];

  model constraint:
        p1 = -p2;
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASSES
BASED ON THE ESTIMATED MODEL

    Latent
   Classes

       1         11.77754          0.05453
       2        167.01151          0.77320
       3         37.21095          0.17227
RESULTS IN PROBABILITY SCALE

Latent Class 1

 A
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000
 B
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000
 C
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000
 D
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000

Latent Class 2

 A
    Category 1         0.811    0.022     36.549
    Category 2         0.189    0.022      8.498
 B
    Category 1         0.433    0.030     14.406
    Category 2         0.567    0.030     18.876
 C
    Category 1         0.433    0.030     14.406
    Category 2         0.567    0.030     18.876
 D
    Category 1         0.189    0.022      8.498
    Category 2         0.811    0.022     36.549

Latent Class 3

 A
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000
 B
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000
 C
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000
 D
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000

Table A1. on page 33 using data set page11.dat.

Model H1': with constraints defined on page 32.

 Data:
    File is c:\alca\page11.dat;
  Variable:
    Names are
       s m freq;
    usevariables are s m freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are s m;
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
    classes = cl(2);
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture;
  model:
     %overall%
     [s$1-s$5*];
     [m$1-m$3*];
     %cl#1%
     [s$1] (p1);
     [s$2] (p2);
     [s$3] (p3);
     [s$4] (p4);
     [s$5] (p5);
     [m$1] (q1);
     [m$2] (q2);
     [m$3] (q3);
  model constraint:
     p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 = 15;
     q1 + q2 + q3 = 15;
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASSES
BASED ON THE ESTIMATED MODEL

    Latent
   Classes

       1        501.44281          0.30207
       2       1158.55719          0.69793
RESULTS IN PROBABILITY SCALE

Latent Class 1

 S
    Category 1         0.253    0.036      7.011
    Category 2         0.244    0.035      6.999
    Category 3         0.208    0.034      6.196
    Category 4         0.224    0.037      6.046
    Category 5         0.070    0.038      1.831
    Category 6         0.000    0.000      0.000
 M
    Category 1         0.386    0.048      8.049
    Category 2         0.409    0.050      8.188
    Category 3         0.205    0.045      4.552
    Category 4         0.000    0.000      0.000

Latent Class 2

 S
    Category 1         0.117    0.015      7.816
    Category 2         0.106    0.015      6.979
    Category 3         0.158    0.017      9.424
    Category 4         0.234    0.019     12.622
    Category 5         0.198    0.018     11.314
    Category 6         0.187    0.017     10.757
 M
    Category 1         0.098    0.020      4.946
    Category 2         0.343    0.026     13.189
    Category 3         0.224    0.022     10.340
    Category 4         0.336    0.027     12.311

Model H1'': with constraints defined on page 32. In Mplus 3,  the CATEGORICAL option in the Variable statement is used to refer a binary or an ordered categorical variable. With ordered categorical variable, the thresholds should be in increasing order. The constraint on the second category of variable socioeconomic status does not follow this rule. One way to get around of this is to recode this variable. This is done using DEFINE statement shown in the first approach. The other way is to declare variable s as nominal variable and request TECH7 for displaying the distribution information. This is shown as the second approach.

Approach #1:
  Data:
    File is c:\alca\page11.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       s m freq;
    usevariables are m freq s2;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are s2 m;
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
    classes = cl(2);
  define:
    s2 = s;
    if (s == 2) then s2 = 1;
    if (s == 1) then s2 = 2;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture;
  model:
     %overall%
     [s2$1-s2$5*];
     [m$1-m$3*];
     %cl#2%
     [s2$1@-15] ;
     [m$1@-15] ;
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASSES
BASED ON THE ESTIMATED MODEL

    Latent
   Classes

       1       1270.38005          0.76529
       2        389.61995          0.23471
RESULTS IN PROBABILITY SCALE

Latent Class 1

 M
    Category 1         0.242    0.021     11.416
    Category 2         0.376    0.019     19.564
    Category 3         0.214    0.016     13.576
    Category 4         0.168    0.023      7.257
 S2
    Category 1         0.193    0.018     10.821
    Category 2         0.203    0.019     10.630
    Category 3         0.190    0.018     10.533
    Category 4         0.228    0.020     11.674
    Category 5         0.118    0.017      7.029
    Category 6         0.069    0.014      4.872

Latent Class 2

 M
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.320    0.052      6.217
    Category 3         0.230    0.041      5.616
    Category 4         0.450    0.051      8.843
 S2
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.012    0.069      0.169
    Category 3         0.118    0.055      2.146
    Category 4         0.242    0.055      4.423
    Category 5         0.297    0.058      5.103
    Category 6         0.331    0.069      4.772

Approach #2:

Data:
    File is c:\alca\page11.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       s m freq;
    usevariables are s m freq ;
    weight is freq (freq);
    nominal are s m;
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
    classes = cl(2);
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture;
  model:
     %overall%
     [s#1-s#5*];
     [m#1-m#3*];
     %cl#2%
     [s#2@-15] ;
     [m#1@-15] ;
  output:
    tech7;
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASSES
BASED ON THE ESTIMATED MODEL

    Latent
   Classes

       1       1270.38085          0.76529
       2        389.61915          0.23471
TECHNICAL 7 OUTPUT


     UNIVARIATE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CLASS 1

     Variable
     S
       Category 1        0.203
       Category 2        0.193
       Category 3        0.190
       Category 4        0.228
       Category 5        0.118
       Category 6        0.069
     M
       Category 1        0.242
       Category 2        0.376
       Category 3        0.214
       Category 4        0.168


     UNIVARIATE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CLASS 2

     Variable
     S
       Category 1        0.012
       Category 2        0.000
       Category 3        0.118
       Category 4        0.242
       Category 5        0.297
       Category 6        0.331
     M
       Category 1        0.000
       Category 2        0.320
       Category 3        0.230
       Category 4        0.450

Table A2 on page 34 using data set page11.dat.

Model H1''': With constraints defined on page 35.

 Data:
    File is c:\alca\page11.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       s m freq;
    usevariables are s m freq ;
    weight is freq (freq);
    nominal are s m;
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
    classes = cl(2);
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture;
    starts = 50 4;
  model:
     %overall%
     [s#1-s#5*];
     [m#1-m#3*];
     %cl#1%
     [s#1] (p1);
     [s#2] (p2);
     [s#3] (p3);
     [s#4] (p4);
     [s#5] (p5);
     %cl#2%
     [s#2@-15];
  model constraint:
     p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5= 15;
  output: tech7;
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASS PATTERNS
BASED ON ESTIMATED POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES

    Latent
   Classes

       1       1004.71928          0.60525
       2        655.28072          0.39475
TECHNICAL 7 OUTPUT


     UNIVARIATE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CLASS 1

     Variable
     S
       Category 1        0.253
       Category 2        0.244
       Category 3        0.208
       Category 4        0.224
       Category 5        0.070
       Category 6        0.000
     M
       Category 1        0.242
       Category 2        0.376
       Category 3        0.214
       Category 4        0.168


     UNIVARIATE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CLASS 2

     Variable
     S
       Category 1        0.012
       Category 2        0.000
       Category 3        0.118
       Category 4        0.242
       Category 5        0.297
       Category 6        0.331
     M
       Category 1        0.098
       Category 2        0.343
       Category 3        0.224
       Category 4        0.336

Model H1'''': With constraints defined on page 35

 Data:
    File is c:\alca\page11.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       s m freq;
    usevariables are s m freq ;
    weight is freq (freq);
    nominal are s m;
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
    classes = cl(2);
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture;
    starts = 50 4;
  model:
     %overall%
     [s#1-s#5*];
     [m#1-m#3*];
     %cl#1%
     [m#1] (p1);
     [m#2] (p2);
     [m#3] (p3);
     %cl#2%
     [m#1@-15];
  model constraint:
     p1 + p2 + p3 = 15;
  output: tech7;
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASS PATTERNS
BASED ON ESTIMATED POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES

    Latent
   Classes

       1        795.59896          0.47928
       2        864.40104          0.52072
TECHNICAL 7 OUTPUT


     UNIVARIATE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CLASS 1

     Variable
     S
       Category 1        0.203
       Category 2        0.193
       Category 3        0.190
       Category 4        0.228
       Category 5        0.118
       Category 6        0.069
     M
       Category 1        0.386
       Category 2        0.409
       Category 3        0.205
       Category 4        0.000


     UNIVARIATE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CLASS 2

     Variable
     S
       Category 1        0.117
       Category 2        0.106
       Category 3        0.158
       Category 4        0.234
       Category 5        0.198
       Category 6        0.187
     M
       Category 1        0.000
       Category 2        0.320
       Category 3        0.230
       Category 4        0.450

Table A3 on page 37 using data set page11.dat. Mplus 3 does not provide the type of calculation that is involved in creating this table. The detailed calculation is explained on page 38. We will do it in Stata instead using the results from Model H1'. The second part of the Table A3 using Model H1''' can be produced in a similar way and we omit it here.

clear
input str2 category prob_y
s1    0.158
s2    0.148
s3    0.173
s4    0.231
s5    0.160
s6    0.131
m1    0.185
m2    0.363
m3    0.218
m4    0.234
end
gen id = _n
sort id
save prob_y, replace
clear
input str2 category prob_y_cond_x1
s1         0.253 
s2         0.244 
s3         0.208 
s4         0.224 
s5         0.070 
s6         0.000 
m1         0.386 
m2         0.409 
m3         0.205 
m4         0.000 
end
gen id=_n
sort id
merge id using prob_y
gen favorably = prob_y_cond_x1*.30207/prob_y
gen not_favorably=1-favorably
list category favorably not_favorably
     +--------------------------------+
     | category   favora~y   not_fa~y |
     |--------------------------------|
  1. |       s1   .4836943   .5163057 |
  2. |       s2   .4980073   .5019927 |
  3. |       s3   .3631825   .6368176 |
  4. |       s4   .2929164   .7070836 |
  5. |       s5   .1321556   .8678443 |
     |--------------------------------|
  6. |       s6          0          1 |
  7. |       m1    .630265    .369735 |
  8. |       m2   .3403488   .6596512 |
  9. |       m3   .2840567   .7159433 |
 10. |       m4          0          1 |
     +--------------------------------+

Table A4 on page 42.

Model M2':

 Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(3);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%
     %cl#3%
     [b$1@-15];
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASS PATTERNS
BASED ON ESTIMATED POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES

    Latent
   Classes

       1        145.09603          0.67174
       2         47.47451          0.21979
       3         23.42947          0.10847
RESULTS IN PROBABILITY SCALE

Latent Class 1

 A
    Category 1         0.806    0.074     10.908
    Category 2         0.194    0.074      2.621
 B
    Category 1         0.428    0.260      1.643
    Category 2         0.572    0.260      2.199
 C
    Category 1         0.407    0.146      2.782
    Category 2         0.593    0.146      4.055
 D
    Category 1         0.170    0.115      1.482
    Category 2         0.830    0.115      7.236

Latent Class 2

 A
    Category 1         0.995    0.038     26.397
    Category 2         0.005    0.038      0.121
 B
    Category 1         0.968    0.098      9.908
    Category 2         0.032    0.098      0.327
 C
    Category 1         0.976    0.119      8.167
    Category 2         0.024    0.119      0.203
 D
    Category 1         0.863    0.222      3.891
    Category 2         0.137    0.222      0.616

Latent Class 3

 A
    Category 1         0.288    1.296      0.222
    Category 2         0.712    1.296      0.549
 B
    Category 1         0.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         1.000    0.000      0.000
 C
    Category 1         0.241    0.239      1.009
    Category 2         0.759    0.239      3.183
 D
    Category 1         0.057    0.179      0.320
    Category 2         0.943    0.179      5.254

Model M2'':

 Data:
    File is c:\alca\page14.dat ;
  Variable:
    Names are
       a b c d freq;
    usevariables are a b c d freq;
    weight is freq (freq);
    categorical are a b c d;
    classes = cl(3);
    Missing are all (-9999) ;
  Analysis:
    Type = mixture ;
  model:
     %overall%
     %cl#1%
     [c$1@15];
     %cl#2%
     [b$1@0];
FINAL CLASS COUNTS AND PROPORTIONS FOR THE LATENT CLASS PATTERNS
BASED ON ESTIMATED POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES

    Latent
   Classes

       1         41.63539          0.19276
       2        124.96989          0.57856
       3         49.39472          0.22868
RESULTS IN PROBABILITY SCALE

Latent Class 1

 A
    Category 1         0.998    0.036     27.506
    Category 2         0.002    0.036      0.059
 B
    Category 1         0.980    0.095     10.327
    Category 2         0.020    0.095      0.216
 C
    Category 1         1.000    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.000    0.000      0.000
 D
    Category 1         0.913    0.193      4.741
    Category 2         0.087    0.193      0.450

Latent Class 2

 A
    Category 1         0.845    0.119      7.102
    Category 2         0.155    0.119      1.304
 B
    Category 1         0.500    0.000      0.000
    Category 2         0.500    0.000      0.000
 C
    Category 1         0.449    0.114      3.945
    Category 2         0.551    0.114      4.851
 D
    Category 1         0.202    0.081      2.496
    Category 2         0.798    0.081      9.858

Latent Class 3

 A
    Category 1         0.483    0.173      2.794
    Category 2         0.517    0.173      2.989
 B
    Category 1         0.096    0.300      0.319
    Category 2         0.904    0.300      3.011
 C
    Category 1         0.269    0.183      1.475
    Category 2         0.731    0.183      4.000
 D
    Category 1         0.075    0.110      0.684
    Category 2         0.925    0.110      8.376

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