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Statistica Textbook Examples
Computer-Aided Multivariate Analysis, Afifi, Clark and May
Chapter 11: Discriminant analysis

Page 252 Table 11.1  Means and standard deviations for nondepressed and depressed adults in Los Angeles County

File
  Open - open the depression data set
Statistics
  Basic statistics
    Descriptives
      Variables - select sex, age, education, income, health, beddays, acuteill and chronill
        "Advanced" tab - uncheck "Valid N" and "Minimum and maximum"
          Select cases (middle of the right-hand side of the dialogue box)
            Check the "Enable selection conditions" box to active the 
            "Include cases" and "Exclude cases" dialogue box
            In the "Include cases" box, change the radio button to "Specific, selected by"
            In the "By expression" box in the "Include cases" box, type "cases = 0" (without the quotation marks)
              OK
Descriptive Statistics for Group 1, nondepressed
  Mean Std.Dev.
SEX 1.59 0.49
AGE 45.24 18.15
EDUCAT 3.55 1.33
INCOME 21.68 15.98
HEALTH 1.71 0.80
BEDDAYS 0.17 0.38
ACUTEILL 0.28 0.45
CHRONILL 0.48 0.50

NOTE:  Change the selection condition to cases = 1.

Descriptive Statistics for Group 2, depressed

  Mean Std.Dev.
SEX 1.80 0.40
AGE 40.38 17.40
EDUCAT 3.16 1.17
INCOME 15.20 9.84
HEALTH 2.06 0.98
BEDDAYS 0.42 0.50
ACUTEILL 0.38 0.49
CHRONILL 0.62 0.49

Page 254 Figure 11.2  Distribution of income for depressed and nondepressed individuals showing effects of a dividing point at an income of $18440

NOTE:  We were unable to reproduce this graph.

Page 255 Table 11.2  Classification of individuals as depressed or not depressed on the basis of income alone

Statistics
  Multivariate exploratory techniques
    Discriminant analysis
      Variables - select cases as the grouping variable and income as the independent variable
        OK
          OK
RESULTS
  "Classification" tab - change the radio button under "A priori classification probabilities" 
  to "same for all groups"
    Classification matrix
Classification Matrix (depress.sta) Rows: Observed classifications Columns: Predicted classifications
  Percent normal depresse
normal 49.6 121 123
depresse 62.0 19 31
Total 51.7 140 154

Page 258 Figure 11.5  Classification of individuals as depressed or not depressed on the basis of income and age

NOTE:  We were unable to reproduce this graph.

Page 259 Table 11.3  Classification of individuals as depressed or not depressed on the basis of income and age

Statistics
  Multivariate exploratory techniques
    Discriminant analysis
      Variables - select cases as the grouping variable and income and age as the independent variables
        OK
          OK
RESULTS
  "Classification" tab - change the radio button under "A priori classification probabilities" 
  to "same for all groups"
    Classification matrix
Classification Matrix (depress.sta) Rows: Observed classifications Columns: Predicted classifications
  Percent normal depresse
normal 63.1 154 90
depresse 60.0 20 30
Total 62.6 174 120

Page 263 Table 11.4  Classification function and discriminant coefficients for age and income

From the results from Table 11.3, click on the "classification functions" button.

Classification Functions; grouping: CASES
  normal depresse
AGE 0.1634 0.1425
INCOME 0.1360 0.1024
Constant -5.8641 -4.3483

Page 263 Covariances at the bottom of the page

NOTE:  We reduced the number of decimals shown by highlighting those cells and clicking on the ".00 -> .0" button at the top.  We also deleted some unnecessary columns and rows from the output.

Statistics
  Advanced linear/non-linear models
    General regression models
      Multiple regression
        OK
          "Quick" tab
            Variables - select cases as the dependent variable and age and income 
            as the independent variables
              OK
RESULTS
  "Matrix" tab
    Covariance
Variance/Covariance Matrix (depress.sta) Variances and covariances for the vectors in the design matrix X
  Col. 2 Col. 3 Col. 4
AGE 327.083 -53.007 -0.68856
INCOME -53.007 233.788 -0.91721
CASES -0.689 -0.917 0.14163

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